This study was performed to evaluate the effect of adding a mixture of peppermint, thyme and rosemary essential oils (EOs) in a ratio of (3:1:2), respectively, to the diet, on growth performance, rumen and blood parameters of fattening lambs. Twenty-one Mehraban lambs with an average weight of 29.80 kg were randomly allocated to one of three diets: 1) control, 2) base diet+1.25ml of EOs and 3) base diet+2.5ml of EOs. Daily weight gain was greater in the groups receiving the EOs than in the control, although this increase was mainly due to the interactions of treatment over time. Feed consumption and feed conversion ratio compared to the control did not altered. The total concentrations of VFAs and acetate in the groups receiving EOs decreased (P<0.05), while the concentration of propionate increased (P<0.05) at the level of 2.5ml of EOs and isovalerate increased (P<0.05) in both levels of EOs compared to the control. Total population of protozoa, rumen pH and ammonia nitrogen concentration were not affected by treatments. Glucose concentration increased at high level of EOs (P<0.05). Concentrations of urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, creatinine, total protein and albumin did not altered. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin, hematocrit, number and percentage of white cells including lymphocytes and eosinophils were not affected by treatments but the percentage of monocytes decreased (P<0.05) at low level of the EOs. The results of this experiment showed that the addition of mixture of EOs to the diet did not have a significant effect on performance parameters and immune system of lambs, although it reduced the total concentration of VFA and acetate and increased the concentration of propionate.

Introduction: The right use of blood is necessary because of the high cost of correct blood screening, blood grouping, and cross match. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of the reserved and cross matched blood before elective surgeries which were done in Bahman 22nd Hospital. It also aims at evaluating the standard guideline for ordering blood.Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study from 1380 to 1388 that evaluates evaluating 6145 files of the patients hospitalized in 22 Bahman 22nd Hospital for surgery during the years of 1380 to 1388. The elective operations include General surgery, Gynecology, orthopedic, ENT, Urology and Neurosurgery. The number of patients, the number of reserved and cross matched units and the number of transfused units was recorded for each group of patients collected in each groups. Finally, the number of reserved blood units in that period of time and in each group was compared with the standard guideline. Also the number of transfused blood units was evaluated. The ratio of cross matched to transfused blood units lower than 2.5 was considered as standard. And The obtained data were analyzed, using with SPSS.Results: A total of 1557 blood units of blood were reserved for 772 patients.1305 units (66.47%) were cross matched, but just 126 units (8.1%) were transfused. The effective factors in increasing the possibility of transfusion were the ages<20 & >80 years old, Hb £ 12, the type of surgery and the surgeon. Although after the application of the guidelines in1385, there was 64.44% decrease in the rate of cross matching rate due to the decrease in the number of patients who were cross matched, but the average of cross matched units for each patient did not change. The total of C/T index of the hospital decreased from 14.1 to 3.7.Conclusion: The appropriate correct blood reserving can decrease the unnecessary blood reserves, lower the pressure on blood banking centers and prevent blood wastage.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplementing close-up diets with rumen undegradable protein on serum metabolites and the incidence of health disorders of Holstein dairy cows, during the hot season. Eighty-eight multiparous Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: low crude protein (14.3% CP; 14CP) and high crude protein (17.1% CP; 17CP) diets. Blood samples were collected weekly from d -30 up to calving and then at 0, 5, 14, and 21 days after calving, for serum metabolites determination.  Cows fed the 17CP diet had higher serum concentrations of albumin, blood urea nitogen, and Mg than 14CP cows during the close-up period. In postpartum, the 17CP cows had higher serum albumin and creatinine and lower free fatty acid, BHB, and glucose concentrations than the 14CP cows. The risk to developing subclinical ketosis (SCK), metritis and endometritis were higher for the 14CP cows than the 17CP cows. Overall, feeding high rumen undegradable protein diet to close-up cows during the hot season increased serum creatinine concentrations and lowered the incidence of SCK and metritis and endometritis postpartum.

Extended Abstract Background: In recent decades, the poultry farming industry has used antibiotics for prevention, maintaining health, stimulating growth, and improving production. Due to the increase in bacterial resistance and their retention in the tissue and secondary effects, the use of antibiotics as growth promotors in the livestock and poultry industry has caused concerns. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics has caused concerns in the livestock and poultry industry due to the increase in bacterial resistance, their retention in tissues, and the occurrence of dangerous diseases, such as cancer. The unauthorized use of these compounds in poultry feed and failure to observe the appropriate time interval for removal and disposal from the carcass to the consumer market cause dangerous diseases, such as cancer, as well as sensitivity, secondary infections, and increase the antibiotic resistance of microorganisms in consumers. Therefore, the concern of researchers is to use suitable and harmless alternatives instead of antibiotics in poultry diets. Recently, derivatives of medicinal plants (phytobiotics), such as medicinal plants, essential oils, and herbal seasonings, have been introduced as alternatives. The characteristics of medicinal plants include desirable therapeutic properties, stimulation of food consumption, and antimicrobial and antioxidant activity. Previous studies have shown that the use of dexamethasone mimics the adverse effects of increased corticosterone in broiler chickens and causes an increase in free radicals and induction of oxidative stress. Research findings have confirmed that plant essential oils significantly help the development of the poultry's immune system and improve their performance in real or induced stressful conditions. Methods: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of the Savofen© commercial product on performance, carcass trait yields, some blood metabolites, and antioxidant enzymes in broiler chickens under stress induction conditions by dexamethasone. Experimental treatments included 1) control treatment (positive control), 2) negative control treatment (treatment under stress by dexamethasone), 3) negative control with 200 mg of Savofen©, and 4) negative control with 400 mg of Savofen©. Body weight, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were measured at the end of each experimental period. A total number of 400 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used for 42 days to investigate the effect of different Savofen supplementation levels in a corn-soybean meal-based diet on performance, carcass traits, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of broilers reared under heat stress conditions. The basic diet of experimental treatments was adjusted based on the needs presented in the Ross 308 breeding management guide by UFFDA software. All experimental diets were the same in energy, protein, and other nutrient contents. Feed consumption and body weight were measured at the end of each initial, growth, and final periods. Daily weight gain and FCR were also calculated during the experiment. Glucose, protein, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL cholesterol in the serum, etc., were measured using Pars Azmoun Enzyme Kits and a spectrophotometer (model Ce1010, England). Results: At the end of the period, the body weight of the positive control treatment and the treatment containing 0.4 Savofen with dexamethasone stress showed similar performance, and were significant compared to the negative control treatment (p < 0.05). The average body weight gain at the end of the period between positive control treatments and treatment with 0.4 Savofen with dexamethasone stress had the same performance, and there was no significant difference (p > 0.05). The negative control treatment and 0.2 Savofen treatment with dexamethasone stress also had the same performance (p > 0.05), but a significant difference was observed compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). None of the blood traits, including blood glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, HDL, LDL, VLDL, and glutamine, had significant differences (p > 0.05). Both aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase enzymes were significantly different in the negative control treatment compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). The two enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, had significant differences in the positive control treatment compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). In the malondialdehyde component, the positive control treatment of 0.2 Savofen with stress induction and dexamethasone had similar performance, but they were significantly different compared to the 0.4 Savofen treatment with stress induction and dexamethasone (p < 0.05). The total antioxidant capacity was also significantly different in the negative control treatment compared to the other treatments (p < 0.05). The components of corticosterone and triiodothyronine in the negative control treatment were significantly different from the other treatments (p < 0.05). On the other hand, there were no significant differences between the treatments in the tetraidothyronine component. The ratio of triiodothyronine to tetraiodothyronine was the same in all treatments and had a significant difference compared to the positive control treatment (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In general, the 0.4 Savofen treatment under the stress conditions showed its positive performance during the stress conditions, and its performance was similar to the positive control treatment in most of the traits. Therefore, it can be concluded that this supplement can be used to improve stressful situations in rearing broiler chickens.

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different types of ovarian cycles on reproductive indices and blood metabolites in 61 Holstein cows. Blood samples were taken from each cow between day 12 and day 50 postpartum (PP). Serum progesterone concentrations were measured to determine the onset of luteal function and different types of luteal dysfunctions in cows. Serum glucose, cholesterol and blood urea nitrogen concentrations were measured in the cows with normal and abnormal ovarian cyclicity. In this study, 29 (47.5%) cows showed normal ovarian cyclicity with first luteal activity detected before day 50 days PP, whereas 32 (52.5%) cows showed abnormal cyclicity. Of the 32 cows with abnormal patterns, 13 (21.3%) had prolonged luteal phase (PLP), 7 (11.5%) had short luteal phase (SLP) and 12 (19.7%) had delayed first ovulation (delayed ovulation). Progesterone concentration at different times was considerably varied from day to another day (P£0.01), while the main effect of the group on the progesterone concentration was significant (P£0.01). Cows that had normal cyclicity showed earlier luteal activity (P£0.01) and shorter interval to first ovulation (P£0.01) compared to cows with abnormal cyclicity. There were no significant differences in different blood metabolites between cows with normal or abnormal cyclicity. In conclusion, a high percentage (52.5%) of the postpartum cows had abnormal ovarian cycles. The abnormal ovarian cycles reduced the reproductive performance of dairy cows, including the onset of luteal activity and interval to first ovulation. Blood metabolites were not associated with postpartum abnormal cycles in cows.

Pregnancy toxemia is one of the most important and common metabolic disorders of pregnant ewes in late pregnancy. Metabolic profiles and serum biochemical parameters have been used to predict, control and monitoring of the pregnancy toxemia. So the aim of the study was to observe the changes in energy-related blood metabolites and blood lipid profile in correlation with blood copper status of late pregnant Ghezel ewes. In the present study the variations of lipids and energy-related blood metabolites and their correlations with serum copper status for a period of 21, 14, 7 days before parturition and the day at parturition, were described. Blood samples were taken to determine Glucose, β-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA), Triglyceride, Cholesterol, High-Density Lipoprotein (HLD), Total Protein, Albumin, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), Copper, Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). BHBA, NEFA, HDL and Cholesterol showed a significant increase during the last three weeks of pregnancy. No marked change was detected in copper level during different stages of sampling. In the current study, we did not observe any significant correlations between serum copper status and cholesterol, HDL, glucose, NEFA and BHBA. Further studies are needed to evaluate the animal response to different levels of copper supplementation in a situation with negative energy balance like a status occured in late pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: Camel and sheep have high disperse and tolerance in tropical regions. But different results of harsh condition tolerance ability of them have been reported.OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to determine the heat stress tolerance in camel and sheep by evaluating changes in blood serum metabolites and to report and compare the serum biochemical profile of sheep and camel during long heat stress of warm summer.METHODS: In this experiment, blood metabolites of camel and sheep were taken and compared with each other in four consecutive months during warm months (high summer).RESULTS: There was a significant difference between the values of urea, glucose, total protein, albumin, phosphors, calcium, ALT, ALP, uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, and LDH of sheep and camels. Overall urea, glucose, total protein, albumin, phosphors, and calcium values were significantly higher in camels compared to sheep (p<0.01). Oppositely, sheep had significant higher values for uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, and LDH (p<0.01). However AST and creatinine were not significantly different between sheep and camels.CONCLUSIONS: Sheep sensitivity to heat stress was appeared in increasing in uric acid, cholesterol, triglyceride, total bilirubin, and LDH values compared to camel; so as it might be told sheep had more lipolysis-pattern during heat stress; their high blood LDH and total bilirubin were signs of red blood cell rupture or liver damage; and significant higher blood uric acid value in sheep makes them susceptive to a kidney problem such as gout.